The discussion on how West Sussex County Council cuts to the
fire and rescue service have affected the response to emergencies at Gatwick
Airport has thrown up some worrying misconceptions. Not least from County
Councillors and, apparently, some fire service officers. This seems to revolve around unrealistic
expectations of the airport’s fire and rescue service. Irresponsibly there are
those that claim they can deal with any major incident on their own, so let’s
look at the facts.
The requirement on the airport operator comes from the Civil
Aviation Authority’s ‘CAP 168’, Licensing of Aerodromes, which is based on the International Civil Aviation Organization’s agreed
guidance. That says the airport fire service is provided to, “create and
maintain survivable conditions, to provide egress routes for occupants and to
initiate the rescue of those occupants unable to make their escape without
direct aid.”
You will note that for rescue it only requires them to “initiate”
rescue. They go on to say that “the saving of those occupants unable to make
their escape without direct aid may be a long and arduous task”. They also make
clear that on occasions this will involve the use of specialized equipment and
personnel not part of the airport fire service. Something that was well
illustrated by the Kegworth crash that required over 100 local authority
firefighters and 22 fire engines.
That is why there are several references in CAP 168 to “Local
Authority Fire Services”. The CAA does not require airports to provide
resources to fully deal with crashes, just to provide the immediate response. It
even reminds airport operators that, “At all incidents it should be remembered
that the Local Authority Fire Service has statutory obligations to fulfil.”
Something that West Sussex County Council has tried to ignore.
The emphasis in CAP 168 is on an airport fire service that
can arrive quickly and extinguish any fire that results from a crash. The
number of vehicles and personnel required are determined by that objective. In
some cases that will be sufficient to allow all survivors to escape unaided,
but where there is significant damage, then rapid reinforcement of the airport
fire service will be essential.
There is no requirement for the airport to have the sort of
heavy duty rescue equipment that is carried on the West Sussex Heavy Rescue
Tenders (HRT). That is why the failure to ensure that Crawley’s HRT attends warnings
of aircraft in trouble is so worrying. Made worse by the fact that, when an
alert is received, all the personnel from Crawley are sent on their standard
fire engines, which leaves the HRT with no crew. So, if there is a crash,
another HRT will have to travel at least 35 miles to the airport.
It also needs to be remembered that there is a busy railway
line at the end of the runway. The potential for an aircraft to hit one or more
commuter trains is ever present. There could be many hundreds of casualties as
a result, yet WSCC’s cuts culture is deemed more important than the survival of
passengers and crew in a crash at Gatwick. The reduction in the response to the
most serious warning, “Aircraft Accident Imminent”, from 10 to just 6 fire
engines is wholly unjustified.
Gatwick Airport, for the most part, meet their obligations
under CAP 168. The main concern is that they may not have adjusted their
emergency plan to take account of both the cuts and WSCC’s dreadful failure to
properly crew their remaining fire engines. With part time crewed fire engines
often being unavailable, resources will have to travel much further and take
far too long to arrive.
The removal of the HRT and other special vehicles from the
response to alerts that aircraft are in trouble flies in the face of proper
risk assessment. West Sussex send an Aerial Ladder Platform from Horsham or
Worthing to warnings of aircraft in trouble, just in case the aircraft is an
A380. That is fair enough, but to not send the HRT that would be essential for
a serious crash involving any aircraft suggests a total lack of logic when
carrying out risk assessments, or a complete lack of understanding of aircraft crashes.
A Gatwick Airport spokesperson is reported to have said, "Gatwick
has its own on-airport fire service that is fully equipped and resourced to
deal with major incidents." A spokesperson who clearly has no idea of CAP
168, of the potential scale of an aircraft crash, or of the level of resources at the
airport. No doubt WSCC will also soon provide false, unsubstantiated
reassurance to the public with yet more ‘spin’.
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